COMETS

Wikipedia e Nasa (C)

HISTORY : The history of the comets it loses in the night of the times; surely they already observe since the times of the Assyrian-Babylonians or the Caldeis. Or perhaps many centuries before already in the prehistory they made their appearance in the dark skies of the primitive populations.

For a lot of time they must have represent a true riddle for all the observatories: they appeared in the most unexpected moments, with sudden variations of brightness and dimensions, with head of hair, one or manifold tails, sometimes even colored, and then they disappeared in the depth of the sky. And as if it was not enough they stirred among the fixed stars, thing that only the planets made, breaking so the logics of celestial harmonies and it was not known if they were atmospheric phenomena or astronomic objects.

The Caldeis considered her both "wandering stars" that "fires turned on by eddies of turbulent and whirling air [Naturales quaestiones]" and they already considered its of good or bad auspices. The Egyptians have not handed down anything, but they were the first ones to call them long-haired stars and they perhaps supposed their periodic return, but vague references are had.

The Greek proposed very fanciful hypothesis: Anassagora and Democrito said that they were formed when two planets were in conjunction, Pitagora that was real and just planets with the tail. According to Aristotle existed two worlds, that sublunare or earthling, countersigned by the presence of the four fundamental elements - earth, water, air and fire -, that move of rectilinear motion, ended and defective and that translunare, or celestial, constituted of ether, the fifth unchangeable and incorruptible essence, and its typical motion it is that circular, endless and perfect.

Aristotle it layings in that earthling, considering her meteorological events. This conviction, shared by Greek and Romans it persisted for almost two thousand years. Their consideration grew to excess in how much it was thought they directly influenced the health of the men, on the fertility of the fields and on the earthquakes, and therefore they were in partnership to catastrophic events, what the epidemics and famines. They scattered the terror on whole Europe during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance and it were only thanks to the studies on the comet of Halley that this wrong tendency was reversed. But not definitely, some myths and beliefs are hard to kill even today.

Seneca launched in an affirmation that lost him however in the memory for centuries saying "an epoch will Come in which a careful study and prolonged for centuries it will illuminate on these phenomena of the nature", but ascertaining that it would hardly be been able in that times to reach something of profit for the science. After him the thoughts on the comets stopped him, but more for idleness and crisis of thought that for other.

Even Plinio devoted him to the study of these stars and even Tolomeo competed in wrong way to spread notions more astrological than astronomic.

The middle age was pervaded by ideas of inauspicious signs, carriers of calamities, a mixture among astrology and superstition, imagination and fear. It’s curious to read of big pestilences, a child been born with two teeth, snakes that flew, horses that spoke, visions anthropomorphous animals, earthquakes, statues that flew, fires, famines, pestilences, disasters, death of kings and so much so much other. Passed this period the science it slowly put him in motion: the florentine Paolo Toscanelli dal Pozzo (1397 -1482), it accomplished surveys of the position of some comets on the celestial map and it worded sketches on the head of the comets, limiting himself to schematically trace only the tail.

It followed the astronomer and German mathematician Johann Müller, said Regiomontano (1436 -1476) that he proposed to apply the method of the parallax to determine the distance of the comets from the Earth: unfortunately it was not able to show in unequivocal way that the comet of 1472 was very distant from not to belong to the terrestrial atmosphere. In the XVI century the superstitions of the middle age were still alive, and for more they were fed by mystical-religious beliefs: big idiocies said Martin Lutero and Paracelso , but they were not the only ones.

But in 1500 three important discoveries were had destined to contribute to the overthrow of the said geocentric system said then "Copernican revolution."

The first discovery was independently accomplished by a doctor from Verona Girolamo Fracastoro (1483 -1553) and from the German mathematician Petrus Apianus (1495 -1552): they noticed that the tail of the comets was always turned in opposite direction to the Sun, the which thing contradicted the Aristotelian model. The second discovery, caught instead all by surprise: it was made by Tycho Brahe (1546 -1601), which the evening of November 11 th 1572 noticed a bright star in the constellation of Cassiopea; today we would say that it was a nova. Excluded that it dealt with a planet because Cassiopea doesn't belong to the zodiacal band , it was necessary to admit that this was in clean contrast with the theory of Aristotle.

The third decisive discovery was still accomplished from Tycho Brahe observing the comet of November 1578: measuring its parallaxis he understood that the comet had to be at least six times more distant than the Moon. He had finally been tried that the comets had to be considered celestial bodies to all the effects, and therefore to be studied as such. Is thanks to this discovery that Tycho will elaborate his system with the Earth always to the center of the universe, but with all the other planets and the comets that rotated around the sun.

The XVI sec. it was also the year of the De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestis of Nicolò Copernico, the greatest revolution of the history of the man To level of astronomy, of science, of society and of religion. In the new system, to the center of the universe there was not the Earth but the Sun, around which rotate the planets and the comets.

FORMATION : In the 1950 J. H. Oort introduced a study on the origin of the comets and the picture to distance of over half century it has been unchanged.

Starting from the observation of the casualness of the orbital characteristics,Oort concluded that the zone of origin had to be a spherical cloud; analyzing then the distances of the afeliis of the comets to him notes,he determined the ray of the hull of the greatest density of this cloud, quantifying /it in 40.000 A.U. Such hypothesis is also confirmed by the most recent observations: the orbits of the new comets point out for all an origin from this Cloud,the whose ray is esteemed today in over 50.000 A.U. Currently they distinguish him in the Cloud of Oort two different regions respectively called External Cloud and Inside Cloud. The External Cloud is more or less spherical and extends him to depart approximately from 20.000 U.A.: its population is esteemed in 2x10^12 objects, around the 40% of the native population. The Cloud inside esteems contains 2x10^12-10^13 comets; its location is between 3.000 and 20.000 A.U. and, unlike of that external it, would not have a spherical form, but more squeezing, to form of bull. The initial hypothesis of Oort foresaw that the comets could have formed in the asteroidal band and subsequently removed by the Solar System by the gravitational action of Jupiter. This would have asked for the formation of an enormous mass of comets in how much, statistically, those definitely expelled by the Solar System it would have owed to be many more of those remained in the Cloud of Oort.

It also plays to disfavor of this hypothesis an evaluation of the temperature that had to prevail next to Jupiter in how much it would bring to exclude the formation of molecules more complex of that of the water. According to Cameron (1976) the comets would directly be formed in the Cloud of Oort; to great distances from the Sun, in fact, the gas that is collapsing of the primordial solar nebula would not have had the enough density to allow an aggregation in rather great bodies, here therefore that such aggregation would be arrested giving origin to the nucleuses cometari. The same Cameron, however, suggests a possible alternative mechanism: it foresees that the initial nebula would be divided, that is constituted more great (what then it will give origin to the Sun and the protoplanetary disk) central fragment and from fragments of smaller (what they would have in such way originated of the "cometary nebulous” ) dimensions orbiting around it. They would be these nebulas (to form of disk) the places of formation of the comets, and it is from these nebulas orbitting around the Sun that they would be extracted, through the mechanisms perturbed describes you more before, the comets a long time period.

Another hypothesis (Fernandez and Ip 1983) tie the formation of the Cloud of Oort to the slowest aggregation of Uranus and Neptune in comparison to the other planets. In the zone of formation of these planets there was an elevated availability of planetesimi and the mechanism of aggregation it was characterized by a low efficiency because there wasn’t. These two factors would have done yes that the planetesimis could hear some gravitational effects of Uranus and Neptune (even if of inferior dimensions to the actual ones) to the point to be launched on orbits already comparable to those of the constituent bodies the Cloud of Oort.

You can affirm however that the External Cloud of Oort marks the border of the Solar System and is reasonable to think that it can stretch up to cover around 1/3 of the distance from Proxima Centauri, that is around 80.000 U.A.

Is inevitable that to these enormous distances from the Sun the comets can easily be perturbed in their motion. The two factors fundamentally responsible of the perturbation of the motion they are:

1. The passage near to the Sun of another star (event that is verified with frequencies typical of some million of years);

2. Gravitational forces of the Milky Way (underlined by the tendency of the new comets to avoid the galactic plan and its poles) .

In the same period in which Oort advanced his theory, there was who hypothesized the existence of a great ring of primordial deposits over the orbit of Neptune, a sort of "ring saturniano" that it encircles the Solar System, constituted by deposits that they had not been able to condense in big bodies: the theory proposed in 1951 by G. Kuiper and still before, in 1949, from K.E. Edgeworth, shows today him correct also thanks to the contribution of the observations of the H.S.T. The Band of Kuiper is currently located between the orbit of Neptune and 100 A.U., with the presence therefore of a gap between the same Band and the Inside Cloud of Oort. The characteristic population of the Kuiper Belt would be constituted both from very small (ray of few km) objects and from bodies of great (50-200 km) dimensions.

For that it concerns the comets to short period they are had doubts that could have had origin from that gigantic reservoir of comets that is the Cloud of Oort. The analysis of their orbital (above all the low value of the inclination) parameters lifts, in fact, strong perplexities on the possibility that an orbit initially characterized by casual (in how much coming from a spherical cloud) inclination can be modified and flattened in so efficient way by the planetary perturbations.

In a recent study, A. Stern and H. Campins (1996) they identify two possible regions that constitute the reservoir of the comets to short period:

1. a first region is the zone over the orbit of Neptune, in which the perturbations of the giant planets are able to modify the eccentricities of the orbits on scale of time comparable times to the age of the Solar System. Its this stability of the mechanism on long scale, in fact, the principal criterion of identification of the place of origin for the comets to short period.

2. the second region is identifiable with to slow evaporate dynamic of the Troianis but the mechanism of extraction of objects from this second zone, however, according to the dynamic simulations which it was mentioned in precedence (Marzari et to., 1995), it seems very less efficient.

The recent discoveries of objects type-Halley in the Kuiper Belt (Cochran et to, 1995) and the dynamic evaluations on the population situated in that place (Stern 1995) they don't do anything else other than to depose for the first hypothesis.

DEFINITION : A comet is celestial object relatively small, similar to an asteroid but mainly composed of ice. Often described as "dirty balls of snow", the comets are composed for the greatest part of volatil substances as carbon's dioxide, methane and water frozen, with mixed united of dust and some mineral.

When a comet draws near to the inner solar system, the heat of the Sun makes to sublime its more external layers of ice. The tides of dust and gas produced form a great, but attenuate atmosphere around the comet, called head of hair, and the strength practiced on the head of hair by the pressure of radiation of the Sun, and above all from the solar wind, they cause an enormous tail that points in opposite direction to the sun. Dusts and gas often form two separate tails, that slightly aim in lightly different directions: the dust, heavier, it remains back in comparison to the comet, and it often forms a bent tail. The gas, more sensitive to the solar wind, form a right tail. The central body of the comet, from which is originated the material that forms the head of hair and the tail, is called nucleus.

It was thought that the comets are of the residues remained by the condensation of the nebula from which the Solar System was formed: the peripheral zones of such nebula would have been enough cold to be allowed the water to be in solid (instead that as gas) form.

CLASSIFICATION : The comets are classified with the letter P before their name and a number that points out the order with which the periodicity has been determined, example 1P/Halley.

In the case in which the period of the comet is very great or the comet is not periodic it puts on the letter C rather than the P; if the comet is lost the D it is used.

The comets just discoveries bring temporarily the appointed P or C, the year of discovery, a letter and a number. The letter points out the two weeks of the month of the discovery (A from the 1 to January 15, B from 16 to 31,…). Example the C/1996 B2 is the second open comet in the second half of January 1996, the famous Hyakutake. Up to 1994 the classification was different: during the provisional period the name of the discoverer was used. Or more than one, then the year and a lower letter that it pointed out the sequence of the discovery in the year. Then as definitive name was used the year and a Roman number that it pointed out the sequence of the passages to the perielio in the year.

The comets are also distinguished according to their orbital period. The comets of long period (thousand of years) probably derive from the cloud of Oort, while comets of shorter (but always of the order of the about ten or hundreds of years) period have origin from the band of Kuiper. The comets of really short (few years) period become such only in following the capture of part of a giant planet. The comets said sun-grazing (what they graze the sun), from the so elliptic orbit and crushed that literally graze the solar surface. These comets have brief life, because the intense heat dissolves her in little time.

DIMENSION : generally the nucleus is enough small of the order of some km. Decidedly more great, at least an order of greatness, the head of hair of gas that from it he develops. The tail reaches absolutely to millions of km, sometimes also hundreds of million.

SPATIAL MISSIONS : The first spatial probes to visit a comet have been the Giotto of the ESA and the probes Vega 1 and Vega 2 of the Soviet union that they photographed the Comet of Halley in the 1986.

The American probe Deep Space 1 passed close to the Comet Borrelly in 2001 and it confirmed that the characteristics of the Comet of Halley were similar to those of other comets.

The mission Stardust has been launched in January 1999, and it has met the comet Wild 2 in January 2004. It has picked up some material that has reentered on the Earth in the 2006. The mission Deep Impact has been launched in February 2005, and it has struck with a bullet the comet Tempel 1 July 4 th 2005 (to the 5:52 UTC).

THE MOST BRIGHTEST COMETS SINCE 1935 :

(-10) C/1965 S1 (Ikeya-Seki)

 (-5.5) C/2006 P1 (McNaught)

 -3.0 C/1975 V1 (West)

 (-3) C/1947 X1 (Southern comet)

 -0.8 C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp)

 (-0.5) C/1956 R1 (Arend-Roland)

 (-0.5) C/2002 V1 (NEAT)

 0.0 C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake)

 0.0 C/1969 Y1 (Bennett)

 (0) C/1973 E1 (Kohoutek)

 (0) C/1948 V1 (Eclipse comet)

 (0) C/1962 C1 (Seki-Lines)

 0.5 C/1998 J1 (SOHO)

 1.0 C/1957 P1 (Mrkos)

 (1) C/1970 K1 (White-Ortiz-Bolelli)

 1.7 C/1983 H1 (IRAS-Araki-Alcock)

 (2) C/1941 B2 (de Kock-Paraskevopoulos)

 (2.2) C/2002 T7 (LINEAR)

 2.4 1P/1982 U1 (Halley)

 2.5 C/2000 WM_1 (LINEAR)

 2.7 C/1964 N1 (Ikeya)

 2.8 C/2001 Q4 (NEAT)

 2.8 C/1989 W1 (Aarseth-Brewington)

 2.8 C/1963 A1 (Ikeya)

 2.9 153P/2002 C1 (Ikeya-Zhang)

 3.0 C/2001 A2 (LINEAR)

 3.3 C/1936 K1 (Peltier)

 (3.3) C/2004 F4 (Bradfield)

 3.5 C/2004 Q2 (Machholz)

 3.5 C/1942 X1 (Whipple-Fedtke-Tevzadze)

 3.5 C/1940 R2 (Cunningham)

 3.5 C/1939 H1 (Jurlof-Achmarof-Hassel)

 3.5 C/1959 Y1 (Burnham)

 3.5 C/1969 T1 (Tago-Sato-Kosaka)

 3.5 C/1980 Y1 (Bradfield)

 (3.5) C/1961 O1 (Wilson-Hubbard)

 (3.5) C/1955 L1 (Mrkos)

 3.6 C/1990 K1 (Levy)

 3.7 C/1975 N1 (Kobayashi-Berger-Milon)

 3.9 C/1974 C1 (Bradfield)

 3.9 C/1937 N1 (Finsler)

THE MOST CLOSE COMETS :

Distance Date (TT) Permanent name 

 (UA)

 0.0151 1770 July 1.7 D/1770 L1 (Lexell)

 0.0229 1366 Oct. 26.4 55P/1366 U1 (Tempel-Tuttle)

 0.0312 1983 May 11.5 C/1983 H1 (IRAS-Araki-Alcock)

 0.0334 837 Apr. 10.5 1P/837 F1 (Halley)

 0.0366 1805 Dec. 9.9 3D/1805 V1 (Biela)

 0.0390 1743 Feb. 8.9 C/1743 C1

 0.0394 1927 June 26.8 7P/Pons-Winnecke

 0.0437 1702 Apr. 20.2 C/1702 H1

 0.0617 1930 May 31.7 73P/1930 J1 (Schwassmann-Wachmann)

 0.0628 1983 June 12.8 C/1983 J1 (Sugano-Saigusa-Fujikawa)

 0.0682 1760 Jan. 8.2 C/1760 A1 (Great comet)

 0.0787 2006 May 12.4 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann

 0.0839 1853 Apr. 29.1 C/1853 G1 (Schweizer)

 0.0879 1797 Aug. 16.5  C/1797 P1 (Bouvard-Herschel)

 0.0884 374 Apr. 1.9 1P/374 E1 (Halley)

 0.0898 607 Apr. 19.2 1P/607 H1 (Halley)

 0.0934 1763 Sept.23.7 C/1763 S1 (Messier)

 0.0964 1864 Aug. 8.4 C/1864 N1 (Tempel)

 0.0982 1862 July 4.6 C/1862 N1 (Schmidt)

 0.1018 1996 Mar. 25.3 C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake)

 0.1019 1961 Nov. 15.2 C/1961 T1 (Seki)

PERIODIC COMETS :

 1P Halley 96P Machholz

 2P Encke 97P  Metcalf-Brewington

 3D Biela 98P Takamizawa

 4P Faye 99P Kowal

 5D Brorsen 100P Hartley

 6P d'Arrest 101P Chernykh

  7P Pons-Winnecke 102P Shoemaker

 8P Tuttle 103P Hartley

 9P Tempel 104P Kowal

 10P Tempel 105P Singer Brewster

 11P Tempel-Swift-LINEAR 106P Schuster

 12P Pons-Brooks 107P Wilson-Harrington

 13P Olbers 108P Ciffreo

 14P Wolf 109P Swift-Tuttle

 15P Finlay  110P Hartley

 16P Brooks 111P Helin-Roman-Crockett

 17P Holmes 112P Urata-Niijima

 18D Perrine-Mrkos 113P Spitaler

 19P Borrelly  114P Wiseman-Skiff

 20D Westphal 115P Maury

 21P Giacobini-Zinner 116P Wild

 22P Kopff 117P Helin-Roman-Alu

 23P Brorsen-Metcalf 118P Shoemaker-Levy

 24P Schaumasse 119P Parker-Hartley

 25D Neujmin 120P Mueller

 26P Grigg-Skjellerup 121P Shoemaker-Holt

 27P Crommelin 122P  de Vico

 28P Neujmin 123P West-Hartley

 29P Schwassmann-Wachmann 124P Mrkos

 30P Reinmuth 125P Spacewatch

 31P Schwassmann-Wachmann 126P IRAS

 32P Comas Sola 127P Holt-Olmstead

 33P Daniel 128P Shoemaker-Holt

 34D Gale 129P Shoemaker-Levy

 35P Herschel-Rigollet 130P McNaught-Hughes

 36P  Whipple 131P Mueller

 37P Forbes 132P Helin-Roman-Alu

 38P Stephan-Oterma 133P Elst-Pizarro

 39P Oterma 134P Kowal-Vavrova

 40P Vaisala 135P Shoemaker-Levy

 41P Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresak 136P Mueller

 42P Neujmin 137P Shoemaker-Levy

 43P Wolf-Harrington 138P Shoemaker-Levy

 44P Reinmuth 139P Vaisala-Oterma

 45P Honda-Mrkos-Pajdusakova 140P Bowell-Skiff

 46P Wirtanen 141P Machholz

 47P Ashbrook-Jackson 142P Ge-Wang

 48P Johnson  143P Kowal-Mrkos

 49P Arend-Rigaux 144P Kushida

 50P Arend 145P Shoemaker-Levy

 51P Harrington 146P Shoemaker-LINEAR

 52P Harrington-Abell  147P Kushida-Muramatsu

 53P Van Biesbroeck 148P Anderson-LINEAR

 54P de Vico-Swift-NEAT 149P Mueller

 55P Tempel-Tuttle 150P LONEOS

 56P Slaughter-Burnham  151P Helin

 57P du Toit-Neujmin-Delporte 152P Helin-Lawrence

 58P Jackson-Neujmin 153P Ikeya-Zhang

 59P Kearns-Kwee 154P Brewington

 60P Tsuchinshan 155P  Shoemaker

 61P Shajn-Schaldach 156P Russell-LINEAR

 62P Tsuchinshan 157P Tritton

 63P Wild 158P Kowal-LINEAR

 64P Swift-Gehrels 159P LONEOS

  65P Gunn 160P LINEAR

 66P du Toit 161P Hartley-IRAS

 67P Churyumov-Gerasimenko 162P Siding Spring

 68P Klemola 163P NEAT

 69P Taylor  164P Christensen

 70P Kojima 165P LINEAR

 71P Clark 166P NEAT

 72P Denning-Fujikawa 167P CINEOS

 73P Schwassmann-Wachmann 168P Hergenrother

 74P Smirnova-Chernykh 169P NEAT

 75D Kohoutek 170P Christensen

 76P West-Kohoutek-Ikemura 171P Spahr

 77P Longmore 172P Yeung

 78P  Gehrels 173P Mueller

 79P du Toit-Hartley 174P Echeclus

 80P Peters-Hartley 175P Hergenrother

 81P Wild 176P LINEAR

 82P Gehrels  177P Barnard

 83P Russell 178P Hug-Bell

 84P Giclas 179P Jedicke

 85P Boethin 180P NEAT

 86P Wild 181P Shoemaker-Levy

 87P Bus 182P LONEOS

 88P Howell 183P Korlevic-Juric

 89P Russell 184P Lovas

 90P Gehrels 185P Petriew

 91P  Russell 186P Garradd

 92P Sanguin 187P LINEAR

 93P Lovas 188P LINEAR-Mueller

 94P Russell 189P NEAT

 95P Chiron  190P Mueller

ORBITAL PARAMETERS :

a = major semiaxis

e = eccentricity

i = inclination

w = longitude of perielio

na = ascendine node

H,K parameter for magnitude m= H+5*log(delta)+K*log(R)

Perielio a e w na i H K

2007 04 19.3142 0.339146 0.847067 186.5212 334.5630 11.7569 11.5 6.0 2P/Encke

2006 11 15.4192 1.666981 0.566695 205.0001 199.2996 9.0322 8.0 6.0 4P/Faye

2008 01 27.0173 1.027126 0.819808 207.5072 270.3417 54.9829 8.0 8.0 8P/Tuttle

2005 07 5.4239 1.507410 0.517366 178.9086 68.9332 10.5299 5.5 10.0 9P/Tempel

2010 07 4.8114 1.424962 0.535934 195.5566 117.8365 12.0235 5.0 10.0 10P/Tempel

2008 06 22.5397 0.969583 0.721506 347.4727 13.8494 6.8162 12.0 4.0 15P/Finlay

2008 04 12.5713 1.466694 0.562791 219.4535 159.3788 4.2580 7.5 10.0 16P/Brooks

2007 05 4.5276 2.053218 0.432564 24.2712 326.8646 19.1126 10.0 6.0 17P/Holmes

2008 07 22.4760 1.355008 0.624407 353.3680 75.4466 30.3249 4.5 10.0 19P/Borrelly

2008 03 23.6868 1.116754 0.633030 1.7075 211.7078 22.3563 12.0 16.0 26P/Grigg-Skjellerup

2002 12 26.5633 1.557793 0.774765 347.6359 346.3515 14.3685 8.5 6.0 28P/Neujmin

2004 06 25.8600 5.719278 0.044593 47.8848 312.6423 9.3928 4.0 4.0 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann

2010 04 19.9142 1.883967 0.500563 13.2635 119.7567 8.1229 9.5 6.0 30P/Reinmuth

2010 10 1.6753 3.420992 0.192177 18.3066 114.1919 4.5476 5.0 8.0 31P/Schwassmann-Wachmann

2005 04 2.7073 1.979339 0.560490 52.9272 58.3078 10.1236 6.5 8.0 32P/Comas Sola

2008 02 18.2485 2.106416 0.428461 58.0596 286.6002 5.9047 8.3 6.0 44P/Reinmuth

2008 02 2.4162 1.057480 0.658120 356.3485 82.1754 11.7392 9.0 6.0 46P/Wirtanen

2009 01 31.2265 2.797812 0.321391 357.3824 357.2022 13.0369 1.0 11.2 47P/Ashbrook-Jackson

2005 02 23.1872 1.373794 0.611047 332.8307 119.4620 18.8504 11.3 4.4 49P/Arend-Rigaux

2007 11 1.1825 1.924355 0.529244 49.0418 355.3368 19.1549 9.5 6.0 50P/Arend

2009 03 7.7510 2.355752 0.474680 127.5420 313.0386 9.3412 7.0 6.0 59P/Kearns-Kwee

2008 09 5.9072 2.108644 0.426777 221.5377 163.1320 6.0071 6.0 10.0 61P/Shajn-Schaldach

2010 03 1.5437 2.441800 0.319700 196.4534 68.3861 10.3863 5.0 6.0 65P/Gunn

2009 02 28.1645 1.251240 0.640104 12.2066 50.4452 7.0590 11.0 4.0 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

2009 01 21.1332 1.758133 0.640362 154.0211 175.3611 11.1454 10.0 4.0 68P/Klemola

2007 10 5.9328 2.011912 0.453212 2.1073 119.2590 6.5956 11.0 6.0 70P/Kojima

2006 06 6.8532 1.562743 0.499634 208.7887 59.6588 9.4872 9.8 6.0 71P/Clark

2009 07 31.0990 3.556525 0.147958 87.3693 77.1145 6.6488 5.0 6.0 74P/Smirnova-Chernykh

2006 11 19.7591 1.603447 0.538307 0.1138 84.1062 30.4592 8.0 12.0 76P/West-Kohoutek-Ikemura

2009 07 7.6847 2.310133 0.358504 196.6506 14.9382 24.3954 7.0 8.0 77P/Longmore

2010 02 22.6186 1.595711 0.537719 41.8553 136.1147 3.2377 7.0 6.0 81P/Wild

2010 01 14.6983 3.631708 0.121540 226.6465 239.5168 1.1267 5.0 8.0 82P/Gehrels

2006 08 7.4278 1.851093 0.492481 276.2930 112.4734 7.2816 9.5 8.0 84P/Giclas

2008 05 20.0345 2.301179 0.365687 179.1612 72.5823 15.4487 11.0 6.0 86P/Wild

2007 07 7.2536 2.173327 0.376614 24.2515 182.1829 2.5767 7.2 10.0 87P/Bus

2005 06 27.0726 2.604494 0.330396 354.8283 247.8937 14.0928 7.5 6.0 91P/Russell

2007 12 17.3477 1.704736 0.611751 74.6668 339.9248 12.2182 9.5 6.0 93P/Lovas

2007 04 4.6489 0.124583 0.958725 14.6224 94.5479 59.9841 13.0 4.8 96P/Machholz

2007 01 17.7384 4.719081 0.228405 173.0431 28.3918 4.3416 4.5 6.0 99P/Kowal

2006 06 6.8019 1.973260 0.472355 18.5290 339.9306 26.2545 6.5 8.0 102P/Shoemaker

2007 04 2.2114 1.556031 0.586817 355.8222 50.6093 20.1109 14.0 4.8 106P/Schuster

2007 07 18.0399 1.719112 0.541590 357.9733 53.7384 13.0779 8.0 12.0 108P/Ciffreo

2008 02 3.5044 2.488448 0.312539 167.8047 287.7463 11.6793 1.0 12.0 110P/Hartley

2005 01 2.9113 3.490908 0.138771 11.9900 91.8949 4.2339 5.0 8.0 111P/Helin-Roman-Crockett

2008 03 23.4279 2.128497 0.422947 49.8528 14.4750 5.7757 13.5 4.0 113P/Spitaler

2009 07 18.8777 2.174073 0.375031 173.5960 21.0534 3.6131 2.5 10.0 116P/Wild

2005 12 20.6324 3.038437 0.255815 222.8254 58.9417 8.7075 2.5 8.0 117P/Helin-Roman-Alu

2010 01 2.6968 1.991204 0.426049 301.9066 151.8304 8.4955 12.0 4.0 118P/Shoemaker-Levy

2005 05 23.4882 3.043176 0.290190 181.2661 244.0840 5.1885 3.5 8.0 119P/Parker-Hartley

2008 04 27.2015 1.468596 0.542406 181.3616 1.3552 31.3397 13.5 2.8 124P/Mrkos

2007 08 10.7346 1.523564 0.512696 87.3353 153.1954 9.9859 13.0 6.0 125P/Spacewatch

2007 06 13.5967 3.068884 0.319966 210.4394 214.4174 4.3551 8.5 4.0 128P/Shoemaker-Holt

2005 06 15.5576 2.813745 0.253255 184.6146 302.4338 5.0868 11.0 4.0 129P/Shoemaker-Levy

2007 05 30.6763 2.710904 0.291472 22.2572 213.2738 6.0513 7.0 8.0 135P/Shoemaker-Levy

2007 10 22.1963 2.960636 0.292963 224.8589 137.5609 9.4274 11.0 4.0 136P/Mueller

2009 05 13.2482 1.904662 0.576654 140.9206 233.3235 4.8778 11.0 4.0 137P/Shoemaker-Levy

2008 04 19.5064 3.402761 0.246335 165.5409 242.4526 2.3295 9.5 4.0 139P/Vaisala-Oterma

2009 06 12.0180 2.538022 0.410352 320.7158 245.3879 4.6903 13.5 2.0 143P/Kowal-Mrkos

2008 05 22.7575 1.702652 0.537837 6.6935 89.8065 3.6783 16.0 2.0 148P/Anderson-LINEAR

2008 11 26.0107 1.767286 0.545986 245.6901 272.4309 18.5007 13.5 4.0 150P/LONEOS

2007 06 17.3642 1.593097 0.557680 357.6778 39.0485 20.7474 15.5 2.0 156P/Russell-LINEAR

2010 02 22.6928 1.395922 0.595293 147.6641 300.2290 7.1986 10.0 4.0 157P/Tritton

2012 09 26.1735 4.586211 0.028523 232.3977 137.3054 7.9083 9.0 4.0 158P/Kowal-LINEAR

2004 03 1.4981 3.648702 0.379544 4.8375 55.1398 23.4259 10.0 4.0 159P/LONEOS

2002 05 12.5378 8.550917 0.381206 321.4805 64.4834 15.3800 5.5 4.0 166P/NEAT

2001 04 30.4438 11.794159 0.273751 344.2120 295.7776 19.0910 9.5 2.0 167P/CINEOS

2008 10 12.7054 2.240714 0.362016 178.9489 40.0957 11.5172 13.0 4.0 172P/Yeung

2008 05 18.7340 4.214384 0.261314 29.8627 100.5699 16.4959 7.5 4.0 173P/Mueller

2015 04 19.2118 5.849641 0.456914 162.3793 173.3347 4.3376 9.5 2.0 174P/Echeclus

2006 11 6.8267 2.087075 0.408608 51.3270 126.9587 6.1121 14.0 4.0 175P/Hergenrother

2005 10 17.9274 2.579132 0.192655 36.0424 346.5395 0.2379 15.0 2.0 176P/LINEAR

2007 12 2.9772 4.086886 0.307837 295.4598 115.8523 19.8745 2.5 8.0 179P/Jedicke

2008 05 26.6619 2.468733 0.357830 94.9006 84.7549 16.9135 11.0 4.0 180P/NEAT

2006 11 25.0124 1.127260 0.706705 333.5545 37.8633 16.9266 11.5 4.0 181P/Shoemaker-Levy

2008 05 9.0927 3.893972 0.136113 161.6701 5.8486 18.7276 12.5 2.0 183P/Korlevic-Juric

2006 12 12.4688 1.395178 0.604233 77.4032 278.3001 1.5533 13.5 4.0 184P/Lovas

2007 02 24.5798 0.937465 0.698129 181.9174 214.0974 13.9751 15.0 4.0 185P/Petriew

2008 03 19.8951 4.263554 0.117864 278.6549 327.8722 28.8437 7.5 4.0 186P/Garradd

2008 10 5.6592 3.693696 0.170142 131.8539 112.0033 13.7323 9.0 4.0 187P/LINEAR

2007 12 16.1395 2.552137 0.415858 26.4349 359.1501 10.5463 11.5 4.0 188P/LINEAR-Mueller

2007 07 25.9095 1.173416 0.597661 15.2761 282.2005 20.4012 19.0 4.0 189P/NEAT

2007 07 8.2051 2.031918 0.520767 49.7346 336.1176 2.1899 13.0 4.0 190P/Mueller

2007 12 12.8883 1.463889 0.773344 312.7291 51.6568 24.5582 11.5 4.0 P/1990 V1 (Shoemaker-Levy)

2009 04 11.7195 2.935875 0.507063 191.9468 92.9461 24.7685 10.0 4.0 P/1994 J3 (Shoemaker)

1997 03 30.6505 0.923387 0.994969 130.7369 282.9154 89.2291 -2.0 4.0 C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp)

2008 08 27.0931 3.272531 0.333482 133.7182 234.8211 12.1218 9.0 4.0 P/1997 V1 (Larsen)

2007 05 12.1954 1.879923 0.552152 30.3393 341.8073 17.7109 15.0 2.0 P/1998 QP54 (LONEOS-Tucker)

2012 04 27.4481 3.858844 0.308928 251.8026 181.6810 31.4851 8.0 4.0 P/1998 U4 (Spahr)

2008 05 24.7693 3.422534 0.241915 244.3856 159.1891 5.0267 13.0 2.0 P/1998 VS24 (LINEAR)

2010 02 8.8831 3.183522 0.314272 154.5525 290.5636 2.9762 14.5 2.0 P/1999 WJ7 (Korlevic)

2008 11 13.0255 3.303687 0.210503 161.6993 285.4512 5.0263 13.5 2.0 P/1999 XN120 (Catalina)

2008 02 26.0328 1.708733 0.574217 130.6385 352.0686 11.1178 16.0 4.0 P/2000 B3 (LINEAR)

2008 02 7.3216 2.137900 0.433785 11.7166 24.3424 19.3794 13.5 4.0 P/2000 U6 (Tichy)

2011 12 27.3993 4.007687 0.198312 87.3774 354.6253 2.2535 9.0 4.0 P/2000 Y3 (Scotti)

2003 07 8.9987 2.782929 0.997516 323.9386 42.9234 163.2179 4.5 4.0 C/2001 HT50 (LINEAR-NEAT)

2002 10 13.4656 5.190281 1.001698 47.1981 237.4074 72.6025 4.0 4.0 C/2001 K5 (LINEAR)

2004 05 16.0856 0.964852 1.000989 1.2996 210.3103 99.5929 3.5 4.0 C/2001 Q4 (NEAT)

2008 02 20.9605 2.155534 0.396255 8.2570 335.2625 10.7044 12.0 4.0 P/2001 Q5 (LINEAR-NEAT)

2011 08 26.9569 3.428181 0.176353 115.1897 31.0663 7.9182 14.5 2.0 P/2001 YX127 (LINEAR)

2003 09 20.3767 5.738708 1.000318 75.0055 314.0860 117.2609 11.0 2.0 C/2002 J5 (LINEAR)

2004 04 6.6608 7.034054 0.999559 231.4780 110.3918 68.4494 8.5 2.0 C/2002 L9 (NEAT)

2004 04 22.3686 0.618794 1.000454 158.0842 95.1454 160.5268 4.0 4.0 C/2002 T7 (LINEAR)

2006 02 6.9599 6.797678 0.965166 100.0772 35.0076 70.5233 9.5 2.0 C/2002 VQ94 (LINEAR)

2003 11 8.9123 11.431214 1.001469 346.8106 154.5655 8.0693 3.5 4.0 C/2003 A2 (Gleason)

2011 05 18.0814 3.026316 0.246810 42.8064 133.1125 12.3304 14.5 2.0 P/2003 CP7 (LINEAR-NEAT)

2004 02 14.0755 3.251041 0.764584 104.0489 137.0380 33.5013 12.5 2.0 C/2003 E1 (NEAT)

2008 05 18.2471 1.060517 0.629913 188.7844 66.3929 25.5532 16.5 2.0 P/2003 KV2 (LINEAR)

2004 10 14.0421 1.023302 1.000681 198.4827 18.7031 134.2026 3.5 4.0 C/2003 K4 (LINEAR)

2003 03 12.9087 5.023245 0.252583 355.8436 226.0150 9.0191 8.5 4.0 P/2003 L1 (Scotti)

2004 04 28.7274 1.478078 0.999028 43.6950 347.0548 50.5448 5.0 4.0 C/2003 T3 (Tabur)

2005 04 3.6829 0.851298 1.000536 181.6896 93.8697 86.7980 6.0 4.0 C/2003 T4 (LINEAR)

2006 04 10.7685 5.191530 1.001204 92.4906 48.4447 31.4141 9.0 2.0 C/2003 WT42 (LINEAR)

2004 09 7.6044 5.483336 0.311545 21.9597 124.9813 10.5505 6.5 4.0 P/2004 A1 (LONEOS)

2006 02 7.7711 1.602672 1.000963 327.9052 272.8064 114.1023 10.5 2.0 C/2004 B1 (LINEAR)

2006 02 10.8235 4.975594 1.000141 75.5658 62.2509 45.5393 11.5 2.0 C/2004 D1 (NEAT)

2004 10 3.7961 4.091802 0.442724 41.2283 147.5101 14.4908 13.5 2.0 P/2004 DO29 (Spacewatch-LINEAR)

2005 01 5.1475 2.867133 0.286637 176.3565 78.8185 15.9873 9.0 4.0 P/2004 F3 (NEAT)

2004 08 5.1375 4.108776 0.167442 239.7453 327.1850 2.1270 12.5 2.0 P/2004 FY140 (LINEAR)

2005 07 5.2535 3.399302 0.998764 97.8052 326.9769 153.7476 7.0 4.0 C/2004 K1 (Catalina)

2005 11 15.2849 3.778491 0.996025 257.3303 99.1658 62.5275 7.0 4.0 C/2004 L2 (LINEAR)

2005 01 23.9097 1.205150 0.998278 19.5460 93.4637 38.7253 5.5 4.0 C/2004 Q2 (Machholz)

2003 04 17.3896 8.865640 1.001734 259.7444 50.3477 71.9640 2.5 4.0 C/2004 T3 (Siding Spring)

2005 03 3.7831 4.422720 0.445921 88.1748 47.8555 19.3490 8.0 4.0 P/2004 V5 (LINEAR-Hill)

2005 09 17.1235 2.391298 0.524442 66.0613 70.4741 18.6651 10.0 4.0 P/2004 VR8 (LONEOS)

2006 02 23.6116 3.204756 1.000780 103.1851 195.5593 92.5336 6.5 4.0 C/2005 B1 (Christensen)

2006 02 23.5517 1.518235 1.000130 39.9543 347.8248 17.0006 5.5 4.0 C/2005 E2 (McNaught)

2007 03 5.8272 3.886247 1.003317 261.4917 344.8049 130.6784 11.5 2.0 C/2005 EL173 (LONEOS)

2006 02 27.6656 4.960733 1.000774 113.8459 299.5790 108.4244 8.0 4.0 C/2005 G1 (LINEAR)

2005 08 11.2908 4.029657 0.375557 90.4236 224.3006 3.2752 10.0 4.0 P/2005 JD108 (Catalina-NEAT)

2006 02 21.4646 2.125675 0.433804 117.6120 207.9758 20.2325 11.5 4.0 P/2005 JY126 (Catalina)

2005 11 21.0700 3.694126 1.002200 134.9610 106.3070 77.7580 7.0 4.0 C/2005 K1 (Skiff)

2005 12 13.8874 3.144826 0.209169 149.7113 138.3205 7.7353 9.5 4.0 P/2005 L1 (McNaught)

2008 01 15.7890 5.593348 1.000719 47.0708 288.7334 139.4448 4.0 4.0 C/2005 L3 (McNaught)

2005 05 16.7145 3.595954 0.927660 324.9127 304.9343 156.0263 13.5 2.0 C/2005 O1 (NEAT)

2005 08 24.7702 6.407292 1.002664 44.6482 87.7470 105.1952 6.0 4.0 C/2005 Q1 (LINEAR)

2005 02 10.5077 2.126141 0.379394 3.0981 312.6985 10.2408 10.5 4.0 P/2005 R2 (Van Ness)

2006 03 7.5052 5.187252 0.996838 6.8321 63.7718 164.0137 7.0 4.0 C/2005 R4 (LINEAR)

2006 11 6.7117 3.607468 0.166172 191.6025 246.9266 9.8832 9.5 4.0 P/2005 RV25 (LONEOS-Christensen)

2006 06 27.5241 6.397758 0.197274 229.7378 161.2471 3.1404 7.5 4.0 P/2005 S2 (Skiff)

2007 07 18.8393 5.850250 0.998933 31.4726 318.2910 107.9595 5.0 4.0 C/2005 S4 (McNaught)

2007 02 11.2148 3.818238 0.463223 83.5593 1.6880 24.0993 12.0 2.0 P/2005 SB216 (LONEOS)

2006 03 27.1857 3.330291 0.823681 111.6390 336.6039 11.2683 9.5 4.0 C/2005 W2 (Christensen)

2006 12 7.9163 1.993363 0.989996 234.6826 302.1822 40.5641 10.0 4.0 C/2005 YW (LINEAR)

2004 12 28.7179 3.356560 0.467220 194.7210 94.5941 19.1789 9.0 4.0 P/2005 Y2 (McNaught)

2006 02 22.1715 0.556048 0.999826 351.2186 211.3706 92.7094 9.0 3.2 C/2006 A1 (Pojmanski)

2006 07 3.2436 1.751451 0.991804 143.4252 243.8074 144.2624 14.5 2.0 C/2006 CK10 (Catalina)

2007 01 7.0194 6.040641 1.001939 232.8285 95.0330 83.1936 6.0 4.0 C/2006 E1 (McNaught)

2008 02 19.6370 4.119149 0.121444 186.8454 124.7580 21.2626 8.0 4.0 P/2006 F1 (Kowalski)

2006 08 18.3515 2.632384 0.453015 313.9213 299.2449 18.5628 12.0 4.0 P/2006 G1 (McNaught)

2007 01 2.2688 1.226252 0.843037 117.4001 309.9525 31.8860 11.0 4.0 P/2006 HR30 (Siding Spring)

2006 09 29.1935 2.265486 1.001681 359.9329 228.1228 45.8061 11.0 4.0 C/2006 HW51 (Siding Spring)

2007 07 20.5801 4.425491 1.001681 296.4456 72.1158 53.8765 7.5 4.0 C/2006 K1 (McNaught)

2007 03 13.3483 2.501327 1.000899 328.0697 49.4022 92.6164 8.0 4.0 C/2006 K3 (McNaught)

2007 11 29.3278 3.188571 0.998055 233.6117 116.6024 111.3435 6.0 4.0 C/2006 K4 (NEAT)

2006 10 17.9938 1.461647 0.997276 338.3967 101.7651 143.2438 12.0 4.0 C/2006 L1 (Garradd)

2006 11 20.2341 1.994203 1.001054 48.0496 239.2486 101.0199 9.0 4.0 C/2006 L2 (McNaught)

2007 02 13.9426 3.556293 0.977316 122.8935 231.6166 54.8744 8.5 4.0 C/2006 M1 (LINEAR)

2006 09 28.6922 0.783051 1.000054 62.5891 148.7273 111.8223 8.5 4.0 C/2006 M4 (SWAN)

2008 09 15.7002 2.431667 1.000599 95.6068 318.5095 30.1700 5.5 4.0 C/2006 OF2 (Broughton)

2007 01 12.7716 0.170959 0.999999 155.9923 267.4085 77.8422 6.0 4.0 C/2006 P1 (McNaught)

2008 07 3.8154 2.763723 0.999975 344.3696 199.5504 59.0437 5.0 4.0 C/2006 Q1 (McNaught)

2006 06 15.4796 3.039465 0.271164 188.9302 139.1422 16.3152 11.0 4.0 P/2006 R2 (Christensen)

2007 05 7.3488 3.161432 1.002063 166.3423 113.8886 98.9751 10.0 4.0 C/2006 S2 (LINEAR)

2012 04 15.2605 5.142529 1.001055 139.9614 38.3496 166.0343 2.0 4.0 C/2006 S3 (LONEOS)

2006 06 1.7944 3.068168 0.508472 305.7347 36.1338 39.6254 11.0 4.0 P/2006 S4 (Christensen)

2007 12 9.7459 2.629717 0.973355 182.1322 281.5549 10.1318 8.0 4.0 C/2006 S5 (Hill)

2006 10 7.4184 0.990965 0.671926 179.5492 279.7798 18.3287 10.5 4.0 P/2006 T1 (Levy)

2007 01 18.8293 2.325785 0.340881 98.3695 5.0928 3.4307 12.5 4.0 P/2006 U5 (Christensen)

2008 06 5.4220 2.498022 0.998733 276.5992 180.1881 84.8755 8.0 4.0 C/2006 U6 (Spacewatch)

2007 11 26.5532 2.674926 0.989543 253.4092 335.7234 31.1193 8.0 4.0 C/2006 V1 (Catalina)

2007 08 10.8895 1.015240 1.000249 174.1144 66.0275 134.7932 10.5 4.0 C/2006 VZ13 (LINEAR)

2009 07 6.3280 3.126556 1.000527 133.4755 113.5652 127.0699 5.0 4.0 C/2006 W3 (Christensen)

2009 01 20.5799 4.434702 0.316433 249.6533 243.2635 36.3630 8.5 4.0 P/2006 W4 (Hill)

2006 03 5.9362 6.126114 1.000681 101.2960 255.2421 42.6178 7.0 4.0 C/2006 X1 (LINEAR)

2007 07 21.9017 1.804364 0.992627 187.4207 318.6624 30.6306 10.0 4.0 C/2006 XA1 (LINEAR)

2007 02 9.9345 2.102254 0.420813 41.3060 78.4530 9.0779 14.5 4.0 P/2006 XG16 (Spacewatch)

2006 09 11.5769 4.947741 0.999900 335.4945 154.2894 69.5746 8.0 4.0 C/2006 YC (Catalina-Christensen)

2007 01 19.9360 2.442818 0.580754 46.9049 77.7845 12.3752 13.5 4.0 P/2007 B1 (Christensen)

2008 08 20.5437 2.974503 0.996724 205.9741 14.8738 27.4925 6.0 4.0 C/2007 B2 (Skiff)

2007 03 5.3349 2.051015 0.412576 95.6417 57.1165 8.0218 15.0 4.0 P/2007 C1 (Christensen)

2007 09 4.5774 3.779704 0.462190 179.4523 276.1179 8.6745 10.0 4.0 P/2007 C2 (Catalina)

2007 06 21.1311 8.792455 1.001665 340.2519 171.0960 41.4599 3.5 4.0 C/2007 D1 (LINEAR)

2007 05 27.6505 5.209154 0.992085 309.0893 148.4273 45.9207 7.5 4.0 C/2007 D3 (LINEAR)

2007 05 23.8294 1.285811 0.980275 7.1019 153.8294 174.3941 12.5 4.0 C/2007 E1 (Garradd)

2007 03 27.5060 1.093029 0.999617 340.5448 232.4361 95.8881 9.5 4.0 C/2007 E2 (Lovejoy)

2007 10 28.7339 0.402245 1.000119 153.7139 172.8859 116.0747 10.0 4.0 C/2007 F1 (LONEOS)

2008 11 16.3846 2.645409 1.001342 224.0392 78.9940 88.3586 5.5 4.0 C/2007 G1 (LINEAR)

2007 08 17.6643 2.280987 0.378019 202.6177 144.3753 11.8738 10.0 4.0 P/2007 H1 (McNaught)

2007 08 15.3000 1.829276 0.477522 350.1332 263.6575 25.2163 14.0 4.0 P/2007 H3 (Garradd)

2006 11 14.8891 5.369280 1.001535 93.7614 65.5250 89.8394 8.0 4.0 C/2007 JA21 (LINEAR)

2007 05 7.0283 9.237629 0.977353 51.9334 294.6407 108.4197 6.0 4.0 C/2007 K1 (Lemmon)

2007 06 8.4887 2.267763 0.681914 345.6973 189.8622 7.6194 14.0 4.0 P/2007 K2 (Gibbs)

2008 04 21.8282 2.050821 1.000486 23.6081 263.2581 16.3002 9.5 4.0 C/2007 K3 (Siding Spring)

2007 05 3.4810 3.527055 1.002154 162.3658 68.5160 98.5998 10.5 4.0 C/2007 K4 (Gibbs)

2007 05 1.9568 1.149179 0.976616 255.5844 193.7384 64.8839 14.0 4.0 C/2007 K5 (Lovejoy)

2007 07 1.9112 3.433880 0.987220 337.2294 298.0653 105.0969 11.0 4.0 C/2007 K6 (McNaught)

2008 08 16.594 7.45899 1.00000 53.035 326.814 139.736 6.0 4.0 C/2007 M1 (McNaught)

2008 12 8.412 3.54061 1.00000 220.663 357.292 80.926 8.0 4.0 C/2007 M2 (Catalina)

2007 09 4.6446 3.468807 0.979681 125.7359 41.6132 161.7620 9.5 4.0 C/2007 M3 (LINEAR)

2007 09 13.288 2.04604 0.41643 274.297 106.446 8.756 13.0 4.0 P/2007 N1 (McNaught)

2009 01 10.881 1.21284 1.00000 136.846 338.510 178.376 6.5 4.0 C/2007 N3 (Lulin)

2007 06 3.2530 2.876656 1.004789 159.3907 116.2335 24.3855 10.0 4.0 C/2007 O1 (LINEAR)